Chamomile is an annual herb in the asteraceae family. Native to Europe, the whole plant is hairless. The stem is 30-40 cm tall, furrowed, and the upper part is much branched. Chamomile has a large planting area in Yili, Xinjiang, China. Because of its high yield and high biological activity, chamomile is a cash crop with great development potential.

The book of Chinese Medicinal Plants records that chamomile has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, relieving cough and asthma, and dispelling wind and dampness. At present, chamomile extract has also been widely used in health care and pharmaceutical products, about 120 kinds of volatile oils and phytochemical components extracted from chamomile, including volatile sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, polyacetylene and coumarin. Terpenoids constitute important compounds in the volatile oil of chamomile, the most important of which are red myrrh and its oxides A and B, color-changing blue and β-farnesene, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and pain relieving effects.

1,.antibacterial effect
The study found that The main active ingredient in the volatile oil of chamomile is α-oxidized red myrrh A (3.1% ~ 56.0%), α-red myrrh alcohol (0.1% ~ 44.2%), α-oxidized red myrrh alcohol B(3.9% ~ 27.2%), cis-enylene dicycloether (8.8% ~ 26.1%), matrinomol (0.7% ~ 15.3%), spartanol (1.7% ~ 4.8%), etc. The volatile oil of chamomile had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, among which the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was the best, and the inhibitory zone was the largest, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. And the inhibitory effect became stronger with the increase of the concentration of volatile oil.

2. Antispasmodic and sedative effects
Chamomile water extract, essential oil and α-red myrrh alcohol have a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and can effectively relax the gastrointestinal tract in the twinoid. Chamomile water extract (100, 200, 400 mg·kg-1) significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. α-rhodophyl, α-rhodophyl oxides A and B inhibit chloride-induced cramps, and α-rhodophyl prevents the development of gastric ulcers induced by |, stress, or alcohol. Chamomile essential oil is believed to have a good calming effect. Animal studies have shown that inhaling human chamomile essential oil can reduce the stress caused by elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and the combination of essential oil and Atlantic oil administration can reduce ACTH levels, possibly because the active ingredient in the combination of Atlantic and gamma aminobutyric acid receptors. Further clinical trials have found that chamomile injection has a relaxing effect on the autonomic nervous system, including slowing heart rate and reducing depression, and increasing skin temperature. In addition, chamomile extract can play a neuroprotective role by regulating cholinergic activity and promoting antioxidant activity in rat hippocampus. Chamomile tea can improve postpartum sleep and depression symptoms in women, more quickly than traditional anti-anxiety drugs, and fewer adverse effects.

3. Anti-inflammatory effect
Chamomile volatile oil can penetrate deep layers of the skin below the surface and can be used as a topical anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) agent. By inducing HaCa T cells, it was found that the volatile oil of chamomile could inhibit the expression level of IL-6m RNA. The effect of chamomile essential oil at different concentrations on IL-6m RNA expression in Ha Ca T cells was investigated by CCK-8 assay. IL-6m RNA is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine in psoriatic lesions, and its expression level is key to the development of psoriasis. This study showed that the volatile oil of chamomile can play an anti-inflammatory role and relieve silver skin disease by inhibiting the expression of IL-6m RNA.

4. Antioxidant effect
Chamomile inflorescence can improve paraquat induced associated lung injury and is a natural antioxidant. Its aqueous alcohol extract can improve lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and increase the total antioxidant capacity in plasma and lung tissue induced by paraquat. Chamomile volatile oil has the ability of scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH),2, 2-diazo-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazol-6-sulfonic acid) diamiammonium salts (ABTS) free radicals.

5. reduce blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar effect
Chamomile extract has hypoglycemic effect and can improve glucose tolerance of normal mice. Chamomile extract can inhibit the activities of glucose-activating reductase, advanced glycosylation end products and diphenyl bituryl radical in rat lens, and inhibit the accumulation of sorbitol in rat lens with high glucose. The total flavonoids of chamomile can significantly decrease the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT and HDL-C in serum of Apo E-/- mice, and significantly increase the level of MDA in liver tissue and SOD in liver. Chamomile total flavonoids can significantly up-regulate the expression of PPARα, CPT1A and Acox1 proteins, and inhibit the synthesis of liver TG, and the liver fatty lesions of mice are significantly improved. At the same time, chamomile has a certain regulation effect on blood pressure, spontaneous hypertension rats were given chamomile extract, the blood pressure was significantly reduced after 4 weeks of intragastric administration.

Application of chamomile extract
Chamomile extract can be developed into a variety of products because of its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The volatile oil of chamomile mixed with excipients can be used as a treatment for diseases such as oral ulcer, gingivitis, itchy skin, eczema, etc. Chamomile extract because of its mild characteristics, can be used to make skin care products, soap, shampoo and other products, has the effect of soothing skin, reducing skin inflammation, promote wound healing and so on. Chamomile fragrance, can be used to make tea, drinks, candy and other food, with heat and detoxification, relieve anxiety, promote sleep and other effects.

The post-epidemic era has improved people's awareness of health consciousness, and people are more aware of the latent and spread of germs, and they have paid attention to cleanliness and self-protection. However, long-term use of alcohol-based wipes for disinfection will make the skin of the hand dry and chapped, which will have varying degrees of damage to the skin barrier. Therefore, the study of a mild and safe, long-lasting antibacterial effect of new wet wipes will be favored by the market. The use of chamomile volatile oil with its good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects combined with other plant volatile oil to make natural, green and safe wet wipes with better effects is a good development direction for the future wet wipes market.

Chamomile essential oil nanocapsules are also a development direction of natural bacteriostatic agents in the future. Wang Ziwei et al. prepared chamomile essential oil nanocapsules by ionic gel method, with an embedding rate of 36.33%, which has inhibitory effects on rice sheath wilt, wheat gibberella and corn curvespora, and has the potential to develop into natural bactericides. In the future, chamomile volatile oil can also be used to make efficient antibacterial film, liposome, nano emulsion, to improve the acceptance in industry and medical circles.