Source: Pinus huashan, Huangshan pine, Masson pine, black pine, Pinus tabulaeformis, Yunnan pine, red pine, etc

Product Specifications:

1: Pine needle tea bag: 3 grams a pack, 25 bags a box.

2: Pine needle extract, mostly proportional extract

3: Pine needle essential oil: 99.5% pure natural pine needle essential oil

4: Pine needle enzyme and beverage

Production process:

Pine needle bags for tea: Collect fresh pine needles, wash them and dry them in a cool and ventilated place, cut them into 3mm pieces, sterilize them and pack them.

Pine needle extract: Collect fresh pine needles, extract, filter, purify, concentrate, sterilize and dry with pure water

Pine needle essential oil: carbon dioxide critical extraction or distillation of essential oil.

Pine needle enzyme: Fresh pine needles can be filtered after fermentation

Pharmacological action and material basis of pine needles:

Material basis:

1.1 Terpenoids and their oxygen-containing derivatives

The volatile oil from pine needles was extracted by steam distillation, and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to discover that their main compounds were terpenoids, including α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphene [1,8-12]. The terpenoids were different among different varieties.

1.2 Flavonoids

By studying the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of cedar pine needles, it was found that there were a lot of flavonoids, mainly myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides. Dongyan Liu et al. used silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to separate and purify the chemical components of flavonoids from the ethyl acetate extract of cedar pine needles, and obtained 5 compounds). One of the compounds was A new compound, named Cedarone A, and the other compounds were isolated from the needles of Cedars genus for the first time. Zhong Shengjia isolated 8 flavonoids from the ethanol extract of pinus tabulaeformis, 4 of which were new compounds, 2 compounds were isolated from Pinus for the first time, and 2 compounds were isolated from Pinus tabulaeformis for the first time. Zhang Chunlei et al. isolated and identified 9 flavonoids from the ethyl acetate extraction part of 80% ethanol extract of Pinus tabulaeformis leaves, two of which were new compounds, and all compounds were isolated from Pinus tabulaeformis for the first time. Gaoyan et al. isolated and identified 7 flavonoids from pinus pinus, three of which were isolated from pinus genus for the first time, and the other compounds were isolated from Pinus pinus for the first time.

1.3 Lignans

Zhang Jingjiao et al. used repeated silica gel, polyamide, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to separate and purify 80% ethanol extract from Pinus pinus, and a total of 8 lignans were isolated, all of which were isolated from pinus pinus for the first time. Li Shi et al. isolated two lignans from the n-butanol extract of 95% ethanol extract of cedar pine needles, both of which were isolated from this genus for the first time. Wang Dongdong isolated syringolepin from dichloromethane extract of cedar pine needles.

1.4 Others

Aliphatic compounds are found in all kinds of pine needles. In addition, Yang Yongan et al. determined the spectra of pinus pinus, pinus huangshan, pinus masson and pinus cedarus needles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and concluded that they contained polysaccharides, amino acids and other chemical components. Du Juan et al. analyzed the red pine needles of Changbai Mountain by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and found that they contained 7 metal elements such as Fe and K.

2 Pharmacological Effects

2.1 Antioxidant

It has been reported that ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water extract and volatile oil of Pinus massoniana have certain antioxidant activities. Zhu Hongliu et al. studied the intervention effect of 85% ethanol extract of Masson pine needles on androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mice induced by dihydrotestosterone. The extract of Masson pine needles was ig 4, 8, 12 mg/kg, and the results showed that the extract promoted hair growth in AGA mice in a dose-dependent manner. 85% ethanol extract of Pinus massoniana pine needle can reduce the content of reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde in tissues, and promote the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA and protein was inhibited, so it was speculated that the extract promoted the hair growth of AGA mice, which might be related to the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant reaction element signaling pathway and the improvement of oxidative stress level.

Some studies have found that the antioxidant capacity of cedar pine needles after purification of total polyphenols is stronger than before purification, which may be because the content of galacturonic acid in crude polysaccharide is higher than that of purified polysaccharide. It is speculated that the antioxidant capacity of pine needles polysaccharide may depend on the content of galacturonic acid or the synergistic effect of polysaccharide galacturonic acid complex .

The extract of pine needles can improve the antioxidant capacity of the body by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Pine needle procyanocyanidin has antioxidant capacity in mouse serum, and there is a dose-effect relationship. Total flavonoids of pine pinus can inhibit lipid peroxidation and free radical generation. Flavonoid compounds form stable semi-quinone free radical structure through the reaction of phenolic hydroxyl group with free radicals, and thus generate antioxidant activity, and the strength of its activity is related to whether the hydroxyl group can form stable free radical structure. The o-diphenol hydroxyl group in B ring is the main factor determining the antioxidant activity of flavonoids.

2.2 Lowering Blood sugar

It was found that the 20% ethanol extract of pine needles had a dose-dependent effect on hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine and alloxouracil in mice and type 2 diabetic rats. Zhou Junhua et al. studied the inhibitory effect of pine needle proanthocyanidins on α-glucosidase by using ultraviolet dynamic method and circular dichroic chromatography under the environment of simulated human pH value. The results showed that pine needle proanthocyanidin is a reversible and non-competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, indicating that it can inhibit the catalysis of α-glucosidase on the substrate, and reduce its catalytic activity, so as to achieve the purpose of lowering blood sugar.

2.3 Regulating blood lipids

Studies have shown that Pinus masson pine needle polysaccharide can significantly improve the serum lipid levels of mice induced by high fat diet, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased the total antioxidant capacity and the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in mice induced by high fat diet. It is suggested that pine needle polysaccharide can be used to improve antioxidant capacity and improve hyperlipidemia. Fang et al. prepared a hyperuricemia rat model with "overeating cream and thick taste" by using ig fat cream. Pine needle extract 10.0, 5.0 and 2.5 g/kg could significantly reduce the levels of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C in hyperuricemia rats. It decreased the activities of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase in serum and liver tissue, increased the activities of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in liver tissue, and increased urinary uric acid, urinary creatinine, urinary volume, 24 h uric acid excretion, uric acid excretion fraction, uric acid clearance rate and creatinine clearance rate, indicating that it can effectively reduce the production of uric acid and promote its excretion in this model rat. It has the function of protecting liver and regulating blood lipid. Huang Jing et al. established a hyperlipidemia model rat, pine needle extract of 100 and 300 mg/kg could significantly reduce the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-C in hyperlipidemia rats, and the level of HDL-C was higher than before medication, and could significantly inhibit the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The results showed that pine needle extract could significantly improve the metabolism of blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats, and reduce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thus inhibiting inflammation and protecting endothelial vessels.

2.4 Anti-tumor

Tang Hongqin et al. established a mouse model of S180 solid tumor, and were given inig 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg of petroleum ether extract of pine needles for 10 consecutive days to investigate the anti-tumor effect of petroleum ether extract of pine needles in vivo. The results showed that the petroleum ether extract could significantly inhibit the growth of S180 tumors, and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in tumor tissues was significantly decreased in the administration group, and the Bcl-2 associated X protein, Bcl-2 associated X protein, was significantly decreased. The expression of Bax was significantly increased, suggesting that petroleum ether extract of pine needles may induce apoptosis of tumor cells by changing the regulatory balance of Bcl-2/Bax heterodimers. It is speculated that the anti-tumor effect of petroleum ether extract of pine needles may be achieved by selectively killing tumor cells and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Zheng Guangyao et al. used S180 tumor-bearing mice to investigate the anti-tumor effect of pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment and its effect on the immune function of mice. The experimental results showed that pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment 600 and 800 mg/kg had significant tumor inhibition effect, while pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment 400 and 600 mg/kg had significant synergistic effect on cyclophosphamide. Further, the effects of pine needle chlorophyll - carotene ointment on immune system were investigated by measuring immune organ index, serum half hemolysis value, clearance index K and phagocytosis coefficient α. The results suggested that the tumor inhibitory effect of pine needle chlorophyll - carotene ointment may be related to the enhancement of immune function.

2.5 Antibacterial

Wang Jingyang et al. used gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi as test bacteria to detect the inhibitory effect of pine against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the extracts of water, ethanol and ethyl acetate of pine needle had a wide antibacterial spectrum, and had good antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus, drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Trichophyton palpis, microspora gypsiformis and Microspora Canis. In particular, it has strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and 3 kinds of dermatophytic fungi. Zheng Guangyao et al. determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorophyll-carotene ointment of pine needles against 15 gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi by using the AGAR ester dilution method. The results showed that the MIC of pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment against gram-positive bacteria was 0.6 ~ 1.6 mg/mL, that of gram-negative bacteria was 1.0 ~ 3.0 mg/mL, and that of fungi was 1.5 ~ 4.1 mg/mL, suggesting that pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment had broad-spectrum antibacterial action. Compared with other experimental results, it was found that the chlorophyll-carotene ointment had better inhibition effect on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi than water extract and alcohol extract of pine needles. It was observed that the MIC of chlorophyll-carotene ointment of pine needles against Helicobacter pylori was 1:32 and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 1:8 by the tube dilution method, which proved that the chlorophyll-carotene ointment of pine needles had a strong inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori in vitro.

2.6 Antiviral

Wang Jie et al. established a mouse model of upper respiratory tract infection and took pine needle decoction 37.66 g/kg intragaally for 7 consecutive days to observe the effect of pine on the expression of Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 protein in lung tissue of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. It was found that pine needles could reduce the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 proteins in mouse lung tissue. The results indicated that the immunomodulatory effect of pine on respiratory syncytial virus infection may be related to the decreased expression of TLR3 and TLR4 proteins in lung tissue. It is speculated that it may reduce the replication of RSV in vivo by inhibiting the pulmonary virus titer after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Zheng Guangyao et al. used the model of cells infected by viruses in vitro to study the anti-influenza A virus effect of pine needles chlorophyll-carotene ointment in vitro under the condition of therapeutic administration and prophylactic administration by using tetrazolium salt colorimetry. It was found that pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment had an increased antiviral effect with the increase of drug concentration, and the inhibition rate of pine needle chlorophyll-carotene ointment on influenza virus was 57.57% with a therapeutic index of 1.9, which showed obvious anti-influenza virus effect. At the same time, pine needles chlorophyll-carotene ointment has obvious effect on preventing virus infection, pine needles chlorophyll-carotene ointment 31 μg/mL on influenza A virus inhibition rate of 64.79%, the therapeutic index is 1.9. In addition, it was found that methylene chloride extract from pine needles can reduce human papilloma virus (HPV) activity in vitro and in mouse models, suggesting that methylene chloride extract from pine needles can be developed as a drug to prevent HPV infection.