Liopogon ophiopogon is a perennial evergreen herb of the genus Liliaceae. The plant has thicker roots and shorter stems and leaves. It is mainly produced in China, Japan, India and Vietnam, etc., and is cultivated and cultivated in the southern region of China. The plant is often distributed in the wet hillside, under the forest and beside the stream below 2000 meters above sea level.

Ophiopogon, as a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice, has the effect of moistening lung and relieving cough, producing fluid and relieving thirst. In the ancient Chinese medical classic "Shennong Materia Medica" there are records: "a long time to take light, not old and not hungry", and another Chinese ancient medical classic, "The Medical ginseng Xilu" recorded: "can enter the stomach to nourish gastric juice, appetising to eat, but also into the spleen to help the spleen to dissipate in the lung, asthma, cough." From these ancient Chinese medical books, it can be seen that opopogon can be used to treat diseases such as Yin deficiency consumption, cough, lung dryness, throat impediment and throat pain, and internal heat and thirst. According to a large number of data, the main active components of Ophiopogon japonicum include steroid saponins, amino acids, polysaccharides and saponins, etc. In this paper, the pharmacological activity and mechanism of the active components of ophiopogon japonicum were further studied and analyzed, and the specific summary was as follows:

1. Effect on cardiovascular system

1.1 Anti-thrombotic effect
Blood clots form in people's bodies if skin cells in their blood vessels are damaged and the cells adhere to them. The ethanol extract of Ophiopogon can effectively reduce the thrombosis in human body, and the extract can enhance the content of sodium hyposulfite in human body, which will cause the injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ECV304. In addition, the ethanol extract of Ophiopogon can also effectively inhibit the adhesion of HL-60 cells to ECV304 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor in human body. All these can prove that ophiopogon drugs have anti-thrombotic effects.

1.2 Anti-myocardial ischemia
According to a large number of data, the polysaccharide MDG-1 in Ophiopogon has a relatively effective anti-myocardial ischemia effect, and the death of myocardial cells in human bodies caused by ischemic sugar deficiency can be inhibited by taking polysaccharide MDG-1 4mmol/L (requiring drug treatment for 8h or 15h). At the same time, studies have shown that the polysaccharide MDG-1 in Ophiopogon can effectively increase the content and activity of sphingosine kinase in human body after being treated with 4,10mmol/L for 12h, and further promote the expression of sphingosin-1-phosphate recepter-1, phosphorylated Erk protein, SPHK1, phosphorylated Akt protein and other substances. Therefore, it can be proved that MDG-1 polysaccharide in Ophiopogon can effectively resist myocardial ischemia and promote human angiogenesis.

2. Anti-inflammatory effect

According to relevant data, the saponins and water extracts in ophiopogon drugs have anti-inflammatory effects, and the saponins and water extracts in ophiopogon drugs often exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the adhesion of ECV-304 cells and HL-60 cells. Among the saponins in Ophiopogon, a very important substance is Luscogenin, which can effectively inhibit the adhesion of anti-CD3 antibody activated lymphocytes to fibulectin, laminin and type 1 collagen, but it cannot inhibit the adhesion induced by Mn". At the same time, according to the studies of some scholars, the high isoflavone derivatives extracted from ophiopogon drugs also have effective anti-inflammatory effects. The main high isoflavone derivatives include ophiopogon saponin A, ophiopogon saponin B, ophiopogon flavanone G and other substances, which can act on the bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B in human body, and then induce the human body to produce addiction Acid cell activating chemokines. Therefore, it can be proved that the saponins and water extracts in Ophiopogon medicine have anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Anti-blood sugar effect

According to a large number of data, the polysaccharide and water extract of ophiopogon have significant anti-blood glucose effects. According to relevant experiments, the crude polysaccharide and water extract of ophiopogon can induce and increase the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and insulin receptor in human liver tissues, in addition, it can also effectively reduce the liver sugar in human liver tissues The activity of progen and glucose kinase: At the same time, some studies have shown that the water-soluble polysaccharide LSP1 and water-soluble polysaccharide LSP2 extracted from Liopogon drugs have obvious hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, it can be proved that the polysaccharide and water extract of Ophiopogon have significant anti-blood glucose effects.

4. Anti-oxidation and enhance their own immunity

According to a large number of data, ophiopogon drugs contain natural antioxidants and immune enhancers, these substances have strong antioxidant and enhance their own immunity. According to experiments, total saponins of 100,200,400g/mL can effectively improve NO content, cell vitality and IL-1 content in human body by acting on macrophages in the human abdominal cavity, so as to further regulate the function of macrophages.